空压机故障类型及原因分析 |
添加时间:2019/1/17 16:10:07 浏览次数: |
空压机故障类型及原因分析
Failure type and cause analysis of air compressor
1.1 排气量不足
1.1 insufficient exhaust volume
排气量的不足最主要的表现是压力达不到终点压力,从故障现象看很可能是由于以下几种原因造成:
The most important performance of the exhaust volume is that the pressure can not reach the end point.
一是入口空气过滤器的故障,当过滤器中的积垢产生堵塞,就会使排气量减少;而吸气管过长,管径较小,造成吸气阻力增大时,就直接影响了排气量。
One is the failure of the inlet air filter. When the fouling in the filter is blocked, the volume of the exhaust will be reduced; and the suction pipe is too long and the pipe diameter is small. When the suction resistance increases, the exhaust volume is directly affected.
二是空压机转速过低会使排气量下降:空气压缩机的排气量是按规定的海拔高度、吸气温度、湿度设计的,如果在超过上述标准的高原上使用时,就会造成吸气压力降低,排气量也随之降低;传送皮带打滑一会降低空压机的转速,进而影响排气量降低。
The two is that the air compressor speed is too low will reduce the exhaust volume: air compressor exhaust volume is designed according to the altitude, air suction temperature, humidity, if it is used above the above standard plateau, the suction pressure will be reduced and the volume of exhaust will decrease; transmission belt slipping will reduce the speed of air compressor. Speed, and then affect the reduction of exhaust gas.
三是由于零件磨损导致空压机各配合间隙的变化而引起的:气缸、活塞、活塞环磨损严重、超差,造成相关间隙增大,泄漏量增大,严重的话就影响了排气量。
The three is caused by the change of the clearance between the parts of the air compressor caused by the wear and tear of the parts. The cylinder, piston and piston ring wear seriously and exceed the difference, resulting in the increase of the relative clearance and the increase of the leakage, so the amount of the exhaust is affected seriously.
四是空压机系统严重漏气,主要是由于填料函不严密从而产生漏气使气量降低,究其原因:首先,是填料函本身制造时不合要求;其次,可能是在安装时,活塞杆与填料函中心没有对好,产生磨损、拉伤等造成的漏气。
Four is the air compressor system serious leakage, mainly because the packing letter is not tight to produce gas leakage to reduce gas, the reason: first, the filling letter itself manufacturing is not required; secondly, may be in the installation, the piston rod and filling center is not good, producing wear and tear, such as the leakage of gas.
五是空压机压力阀的故障对排气量的影响,主要是指吸、排气阀的阀座与阀片间落入金属碎片或其它杂物,造成关闭不严,形成漏气。
Five is the effect of the failure of the air compressor pressure valve on the volume of the exhaust, mainly refers to the suction and exhaust valve seat and the valve plate falling into the metal debris or other debris, resulting in the closure of the air leakage.
此外,气阀弹簧力与气体力匹配的不好也会影响排气量,弹力过强则使阀片开启迟缓,弹力太弱则阀片关闭不及时,这样不但影响了排气量,严重的话会影响到功率的增加,甚至影响气阀阀片、弹簧的使用寿命。
In addition, the poor matching of the valve spring force and the gas force will also affect the volume of the exhaust. The excess of the elastic force makes the valve plate open slow, the elastic force is too weak and the valve plate is closed in time, which not only affects the volume of the exhaust, but also affects the increase of the power, and even the life of the valve disc and the spring.
1.2 排气温度异常
1.2 abnormal exhaust temperature
排气温度不正常是指其高于设计值,主要是冷却系统故障导致的。从理论上进,影响排气温度增高的因素有:进气温度、压力比、以及压缩指数(对于空气压缩指数K=1.4)。实际情况影响到吸气温度高的因素如:中间冷却效率低,或者中冷器内水垢结多影响到换热,则后面级的吸气温度必然要高,排气温度也会高。气阀漏气,活塞环漏气,不仅影响到排气温度升高,而且也会使级问压力变化,只要压力比高于正常值就会使排气温度升高。此外,水冷式机器,缺水或水量不足均会使排气温度升高。
The abnormal exhaust temperature means that it is higher than the design value, mainly due to the failure of the cooling system. Theoretically, the factors affecting the increase of exhaust temperature include inlet temperature, pressure ratio and compression index (for air compression index K=1.4). The actual conditions affect the high suction temperature, such as low cooling efficiency in the middle, or more heat transfer in the medium cooler, then the suction temperature in the rear stage is higher and the exhaust temperature will be high. The air leakage of the valve and the leakage of the piston ring not only affect the increase of the exhaust temperature, but also make the pressure level change. As long as the pressure ratio is higher than the normal value, the exhaust temperature will increase. In addition, the water cooling machine, water shortage or insufficient water will increase the exhaust temperature.
1.3 超常的振动和噪音
1.3 abnormal vibration and noise
空压机如果某些部件出现故障时,就会发出异常的响声,通常来讲,操作人员通过听样是可以判别出异常的振动和噪声。驱动电动机运行不稳定,轴的对中状态改变都会产生异常的振动和噪声。活塞与缸盖间隙过小,直接撞击;活塞杆与活塞连接螺帽松动或脱扣,活塞端面丝堵桧,活塞向上串动碰撞气缸盖,气缸中掉入金属碎片以及气缸中积聚水份等均可在气缸内发出敲击声。排气阀片折断,阀弹簧松软或损坏,负荷调节器调得不当等等均可在阀腔内发出撞击声。
If some parts of an air compressor fail, an abnormal sound will be made. Generally speaking, the operator can distinguish abnormal vibration and noise by hearing. The driving motor is unstable, and the change of the alignment state of the shaft will cause abnormal vibration and noise. The gap between the piston and the cylinder head is too small and directly impact; the piston rod and the piston are loosened or removed, the piston end face plugs the juniper, the piston moves up to the cylinder head, the metal fragments in the cylinder and the accumulating water in the cylinder can make a percussion sound in the cylinder. The exhaust valve piece is broken, the valve spring is soft or damaged, the load regulator is not properly adjusted and so on, and the impact sound can be produced in the valve cavity.
1.4 过热故障
1.4 overheating fault
在十字头与滑板、曲轴和轴承、填料与活塞杆等产生摩擦的位置,温度过高并超过规定的数值就称为过热。过热所带来的后果:一是加快磨擦副件的磨损。二是过热使大量的热能。
In the position of friction between crosshead and slide plate, crankshaft and bearing, packing and piston rod, the temperature is too high and exceeds the prescribed value, which is called overheating. The consequences of overheating are: first, speed up the wear and tear of friction parts. Two is overheating that makes a lot of heat.
不断积聚直致烧毁磨擦面以及烧抱而造成机器发生重大事故。造成轴承过热的主要原因为:轴承与轴颈贴合不均匀或接触面积过小;轴承偏斜曲轴弯曲,润滑油粘度太小,油路堵塞,油泵有故障造成断油等;安装时没有找平,没有找好间隙,主轴与电机轴没有找正,两轴有倾斜等。
Continuous accumulation of direct burning of friction surface and burning and causing serious accidents. The main cause of the overheating of the bearing is that the bearing and the shaft neck are unevenly fitted or the contact area is too small; the bearing deflection crankshaft is bent, the viscosity of the lubricating oil is too small, the oil road is blocked, the oil pump has trouble causing the oil breaking and so on; the installation is not leveled, no clearance is found, the spindle and the motor shaft are not found, and the two axes have tilted.
引起空压机故障的原因很多,既有设计制造上的原因,也有操作维护及管理上的原因,应通过综合分析这些故障提出一些有效的解决方案,延长空压机寿命。
There are many reasons for the failure of the air compressor, not only the reasons for the design and manufacture, but also the reasons for the operation and maintenance and management. Some effective solutions should be put forward through the comprehensive analysis of these faults to prolong the life of the air compressor. |
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