| 螺杆空压机的常见故障及处理方法 |
| 添加时间：2017/11/20 15:29:01 浏览次数： |
| 随着国民经济的飞跃发展，压缩空气是仅次于电力的第二大动力能源，又是多种用途的工艺气源。与其它能源比，它具有清晰透明，输送方便，没有特殊的有害性能，没有起火危险，不怕超负荷等特点，被广泛地应用在各种工业、科研、国防等领域。 With the rapid development of the national economy, compressed air is the second largest power source after power, and it is also a process gas source of various uses. Compared with other energy sources, it has the characteristics of clear and transparent, convenient transportation, no special harmful performance, no fire hazard, no overload, and so on. It has been widely used in various industries, scientific research, national defense and other fields. 在现代工业生产中，螺杆空压机的应用非常广泛，因此也被称为“通用机械”。但是在运行中螺杆空压机不当维护和维修而造成的事故在生产中占有很大的比例，怎样减少这些问题的出现，全面提高使用效率，是一个值得思考的问题。 In modern industrial production, screw air compressor is widely used, so it is also called "general machinery"". However, the accidents caused by improper maintenance and repair of screw air compressor occupy a large proportion in production. How to reduce the occurrence of these problems and improve the efficiency of use comprehensively is a question worth considering. 下面以螺杆空压机为例，从工作原理以及实际使用中的常见故障及处理方法进行简要分析。 Screw air compressor as an example, from the working principle and the actual use of the common faults and treatment methods are briefly analyzed. 一、主要组成及工作原理 First, the main composition and working principle 1.主要组成 1. main components 螺杆压缩机主要由主机、电动机、油气分离器、冷却器、风扇、电气控制箱以及气管路、油管路、调节系统等组成。 Screw compressor is mainly composed of main engine, motor, oil gas separator, cooler, fan, electric control box, and gas pipeline, oil pipeline, regulating system and so on. 2.工作原理 2. working principle 螺杆空压机是一种回转式的容积式压缩机，螺杆主机工作时，一对相互啮合的阴阳转子相向而转，从吸气端吸入自然状态下的空气，阳转子的齿头嵌入阴转子的齿槽，从排气端将空气排出。主要分为三个阶段：吸气阶段、压缩阶段、排气阶段。 Screw air compressor is a rotary displacement compressor. When the screw main engine works, a pair of mutually bonded rotor is turned to the opposite direction. The air in the natural state is sucked from the suction end, and the tooth head of the positive rotor is inserted into the alveolus of the rotor, and the air is discharged from the exhaust end. It can be divided into three stages: suction stage, compression stage and exhaust stage. 在整个压缩过程中，从螺杆主机壳内的喷油孔内喷出润滑油，吸收压缩过程中产生的热量，并为转子组起到密封的作用。经过压缩的油气混合物通过管路进入油气分离器，经过分离，压缩空气经过最小压力阀后进入冷却器，最后经过冷却的压缩空气通过疏水阀，去除冷凝水后被排出压缩机组，以供车间使用。 During the whole compression process, the lubricating oil is ejected from the fuel injection hole in the main shell of the screw machine, and the heat generated during the compression process is absorbed, and the sealing effect is made for the rotor group. The compressed oil and gas mixture enters the oil and gas separator through the pipeline. After separation, the compressed air enters the cooler through the minimum pressure valve, and finally, the compressed air is cooled through the drain valve to remove the condensed water and is discharged from the compressor unit for workshop use. 二、常见故障及处理方法 Two, common faults and treatment methods 螺杆式空压机具有振动小，嗓音低、效率高、易损件少，且运行管理费用较低等诸多优点，但它在运行过程中也有可能出现超温、运转电流偏高及排气不足等故障。现就这几方面简单的进行分析。 Screw air compressor has many advantages, such as small vibration, low voice, high efficiency, less wearing parts, and low operation and management costs, but it may also cause overheating, high running current and insufficient exhaust in the operation process. Now it is simple to analyze these aspects. （一）超温故障原因分析 (1) cause analysis of overtemperature fault 正常情况下螺杆主机的排气温度应在今75～95℃之间，排气温度过高，则会对许多元件造成损坏，严重的还会烧毁主机，螺杆式空压机都设计有超高温保护功能，一旦排气温度超过100℃，通过温度传感器指令温度开关动作，发出报警并自动停机。 The exhaust temperature of the screw host under normal circumstances should be between the 75 to 95 DEG C, the exhaust temperature is too high, it will cause damage to many components, but also a serious burn machine, screw compressors are designed with ultra high temperature protection function, once the exhaust temperature is above 100 degrees Celsius, the temperature sensor temperature instruction switch, a alarm and automatic shutdown. 机器自身降温措施是将润滑油从机体的下端及左右两端喷入压缩室，与吸入的空气一同参与压缩后，从主机的底部排到气桶。它除了对螺杆及轴承，齿轮等机件进行润滑外，同时还将大量的热带出。但热量还没有被转移时，在下次喷油动作之前，还需经过油冷却器冷却后才能完全降温。因此，超温故障的发生，多与润滑和冷却系统的异常有关。 The cooling of the machine itself is to lubricate the oil from the bottom of the body and the left and right sides into the compression chamber, and participate in the compressed air with the inhalation of air, from the bottom of the mainframe row to the gas tank. In addition to the lubrication of screw and bearing, gear and other parts, but also a large number of tropical out. But the heat has not been transferred, before the next fuel injection action, but also after the oil cooler cooling to complete cooling. Therefore, the overheating faults are mostly related to the abnormal lubrication and cooling system. 1.润滑系统及油路元件 1. lubrication system and oil circuit components 润滑油量不足或油路元件工作异常都会使油温升高从而引起超温故障. If the lubricating oil quantity is insufficient or the oil circuit components work abnormally, the oil temperature will rise, thus the overtemperature fault will be caused ⑴系统缺油。在设备运行过程中，油位不能低于低油位标志。如发现油是不足或观察不到油位时，应立即停车加油。 The lack of oil system. During the operation of the equipment, the oil level shall not be lower than the mark of low oil level. If the oil is found to be insufficient or the oil level is not observed, the fuel should be stopped immediately. ⑵供油不足。首先检查油过滤器、油气分离器是否堵塞。油分作用是将压缩空气中的油雾过滤下来，防止润滑油流失。如过滤器及油分堵塞，则应及时更换过滤器和油分。其次检查油量调节器是否正常，必要时可适当加大喷油量。 The fuel shortage. First check whether the oil filter and the oil gas separator are blocked. The role of oil is to filter out the oil mist in the compressed air to prevent the loss of lubricating oil. If the filter and oil are blocked, the filter and oil should be replaced in time. Second, check whether the oil regulator is normal and increase fuel injection amount if necessary. （3）断油阀工作不正常。断油阀起动时开启，停机时关闭，以避免停机时油气桶内的油继续喷入机头，并从进气口喷出。若该元件失灵，主机会因缺油迅速升温严重者会造成螺杆总成烧毁。 (3) abnormal operation of the oil break valve. When the oil breaking valve starts, it opens and closes when it stops, so that the oil in the oil and gas barrel continues to be sprayed into the head when the engine stops, and it is ejected from the air inlet. If the component fails, the main engine will rapidly rise due to lack of oil, which will cause the burn out of the screw assembly. ⑷温控阀工作失灵。温控阀安装于油冷却器前方。其工作原理是刚开机时由于油温较低，温控阀支路开启，主回路关闭，润滑油不经冷却器直接喷入机头，待温度升至67℃以上，温控阀逐渐膨胀打开，油同时从冷却器和支路流过、升高到70℃以上，该阀完全膨胀打开。润滑油则全部经冷却器再进入机头，以最大程度对润滑油进行冷却。如果温控阀出现故障，则润滑油可能不经冷却器直接进入机头，从而油温无法下降，造成超温。其失灵的主要原因，一是阀芯上的大小两个热敏弹簧疲劳后弹性系数改变，不能随温度变化而正常动作。二是阀体磨损，阀芯卡死或动作不到位而无法正常关闭。可根据情况修复或更换。 The temperature control valve malfunction. The temperature control valve is installed in front of the oil cooler. Its working principle is just machine due to lower oil temperature, temperature control valve branch opened, closed circuit, lubricating oil cooler without directly sprayed into the nose, when the temperature rose to 67 degrees centigrade, temperature control valve gradually inflated, and oil from the cooler and branch flow, increased to 70 DEG C, the expansion valve is completely open. The lubricating oil is completely cooled into the head and then cooled to the greatest extent. If the temperature control valve fails, the lubricating oil may not enter the nose directly through the cooler, so the oil temperature can not be reduced, resulting in over temperature. The main reason of the failure is that the size of the valve core and the spring coefficient of the two heat sensitive springs are changed after fatigue, and the normal motion can not be changed with the change of the temperature. Two is the valve body wear, spool stuck or action is not in place and can not be properly closed. Can be repaired or replaced according to the situation. （5）润滑油规格不正确或品质较差，螺杆机的润滑油一般均有严格要求，不能随意代用，应以设备使用说明书中的要求为准。 (5) the lubricating oil specification is not correct or the quality is poor, the lubricating oil of screw machine generally has strict requirements, can not be arbitrarily replaced, should be in the equipment instructions in accordance with the requirements. 2.冷却系统 2. cooling system 螺杆式空压机的冷却方式有水冷和风冷式两种，可按下列步骤检查。 The cooling method of screw air compressor has two kinds of water cooling and air cooling type, and can be checked according to the following steps. （1）检查油冷却器工作是否正常，对水冷式机型，可检查其 (1) check whether the oil cooler is normal or not, and check the water cooler type |
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